1981
Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, Cairo
University (M.B. B.Ch)
1987
Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of
England, FRCS(Eng)
1988
Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of
Edinburgh, FRCS(Ed)
1992
Diploma in the history of medicine.
Society of Apothecaries of London (DHMSA)
1995
Master in Philosophy, Surgery, University of
London M.Phil.(Lon)